vnpy/vnpy/pricing/black.py

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# encoding: UTF-8
'''
Black76期权定价模型主要用于标的物为期货的欧式期权的定价
变量说明
f标的物期货价格
k行权价
r无风险利率
t剩余到期时间
v隐含波动率
cp期权类型+1/-1对应call/put
price期权价格
出于开发演示的目的本文件中的希腊值计算基于简单数值差分法
运算效率一般实盘中建议使用更高速的算法
本文件中的希腊值计算结果没有采用传统的模型价格数值而是采用
了实盘交易中更为实用的百分比变动数值具体定义如下
delta当f变动1%price的变动
gamma当f变动1%delta的变动
theta当t变动1天时price的变动国内交易日每年240天
vega当v涨跌1个点时price的变动如从16%涨到17%
'''
from __future__ import division
from scipy import stats
from math import (log, pow, sqrt, exp)
cdf = stats.norm.cdf
# 计算希腊值和隐含波动率时用的参数
STEP_CHANGE = 0.001
STEP_UP = 1 + STEP_CHANGE
STEP_DOWN = 1 - STEP_CHANGE
STEP_DIFF = STEP_CHANGE * 2
DX_TARGET = 0.00001
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
def calculatePrice(f, k, r, t, v, cp):
"""计算期权价格"""
# 如果波动率为0则直接返回期权空间价值
if v <= 0:
return max(0, cp * (f - k))
d1 = (log(f / k) + (0.5 * pow(v, 2) + r) * t) / (v * sqrt(t))
d2 = d1 - v * sqrt(t)
price = cp * (f * cdf(cp * d1) - k * cdf(cp * d2) * exp(-r * t))
return price
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
def calculateDelta(f, k, r, t, v, cp):
"""计算Delta值"""
price1 = calculatePrice(f*STEP_UP, k, r, t, v, cp)
price2 = calculatePrice(f*STEP_DOWN, k, r, t, v, cp)
delta = (price1 - price2) / (f * STEP_DIFF) * (f * 0.01)
return delta
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
def calculateGamma(f, k, r, t, v, cp):
"""计算Gamma值"""
delta1 = calculateDelta(f*STEP_UP, k, r, t, v, cp)
delta2 = calculateDelta(f*STEP_DOWN, k, r, t, v, cp)
gamma = (delta1 - delta2) / (f * STEP_DIFF) * pow(f, 2) * 0.0001
return gamma
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
def calculateTheta(f, k, r, t, v, cp):
"""计算Theta值"""
price1 = calculatePrice(f, k, r, t*STEP_UP, v, cp)
price2 = calculatePrice(f, k, r, t*STEP_DOWN, v, cp)
theta = -(price1 - price2) / (t * STEP_DIFF * 240)
return theta
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
def calculateVega(f, k, r, t, v, cp):
"""计算Vega值"""
vega = calculateVega(f, k, r, t, v, cp) / 100
return vega
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
def calculateOriginalVega(f, k, r, t, v, cp):
"""计算原始vega值"""
price1 = calculatePrice(f, k, r, t, v*STEP_UP, cp)
price2 = calculatePrice(f, k, r, t, v*STEP_DOWN, cp)
vega = (price1 - price2) / (v * STEP_DIFF)
return vega
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
def calculateGreeks(f, k, r, t, v, cp):
"""计算期权的价格和希腊值"""
price = calculatePrice(f, k, r, t, v, cp)
delta = calculateDelta(f, k, r, t, v, cp)
gamma = calculateGamma(f, k, r, t, v, cp)
theta = calculateTheta(f, k, r, t, v, cp)
vega = calculateVega(f, k, r, t, v, cp)
return price, delta, gamma, theta, vega
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
def calculateImpv(price, f, k, r, t, cp):
"""计算隐含波动率"""
# 检查期权价格必须为正数
if price <= 0:
return 0
# 检查期权价格是否满足最小价值(即到期行权价值)
meet = False
if cp == 1 and (price > (f - k) * exp(-r * t)):
meet = True
elif cp == -1 and (price > k * exp(-r * t) - f):
meet = True
# 若不满足最小价值则直接返回0
if not meet:
return 0
# 采用Newton Raphson方法计算隐含波动率
v = 0.3 # 初始波动率猜测
for i in range(50):
# 计算当前猜测波动率对应的期权价格和vega值
p = calculatePrice(f, k, r, t, v, cp)
vega = calculateOriginalVega(f, k, r, t, v, cp)
# 如果vega过小接近0则直接返回
if not vega:
return v
# 计算误差
dx = (price - p) / vega
# 检查误差是否满足要求,若满足则跳出循环
if abs(dx) < DX_TARGET:
break
# 计算新一轮猜测的波动率
v += dx
# 检查波动率计算结果非负
if v < 0:
return 0
# 保留4位小数
v = round(v, 4)
return v